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[hal-04385697] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°72
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 10 Jan 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04385697
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[hal-04385600] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°71
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 10 Jan 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04385600
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[hal-04385524] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°70
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 10 Jan 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04385524
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[hal-04385502] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°69
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 10 Jan 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04385502
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[hal-04385493] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°68
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 10 Jan 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04385493
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[hal-04411491] Distance functions of carabids in crop fields depend on functional traits, crop type and adjacent habitat: a synthesis
Natural pest and weed regulation are essential for agricultural production, but the spatial distribution of natural enemies within crop fields and its drivers are mostly unknown. Using 28 datasets comprising 1204 study sites across eight Western and Central European countries, we performed a quantitative synthesis of carabid richness, activity densities and functional traits in relation to field edges (i.e. distance functions). We show that distance functions of carabids strongly depend on carabid functional traits, crop type and, to a lesser extent, adjacent non-crop habitats. Richness of both carnivores and granivores, and activity densities of small and granivorous species decreased towards field interiors, whereas the densities of large species increased. We found strong distance decays in maize and vegetables whereas richness and densities remained more stable in cereals, oilseed crops and legumes. We conclude that carabid assemblages in agricultural landscapes are driven by the complex interplay of crop types, adjacent non-crop habitats and further landscape parameters with great potential for targeted agroecological management. In particular, our synthesis indicates that a higher edge–interior ratio can counter the distance decay of carabid richness per field and thus likely benefits natural pest and weed regulation, hence contributing to agricultural sustainability.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Fabian A Boetzl) 23 Jan 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04411491
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[hal-03885237] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°63
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 04 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03885237
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[hal-04083391] Main conclusions and perspectives from the collective scientific assessment of the effects of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services along the land–sea continuum in France and French overseas territories
Preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services is critical for sustainable development and human well-being. However, an unprecedented erosion of biodiversity is observed and the use of plant protection products (PPP) has been identified as one of its main causes. In this context, at the request of the French Ministries responsible for the Environment, for Agriculture and for Research, a panel of 46 scientific experts ran a nearly 2-year-long (2020-2022) collective scientific assessment (CSA) of international scientific knowledge relating to the impacts of PPP on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The scope of this CSA covered the terrestrial, atmospheric, freshwater, and marine environments (with the exception of groundwater) in their continuity from the site of PPP application to the ocean, in France and French overseas territories, based on international knowledge produced on or transposable to this type of context (climate, PPP used, biodiversity present, etc.). Here, we provide a brief summary of the CSA's main conclusions, which were drawn from about 4500 international publications. Our analysis finds that PPP contaminate all environmental matrices, including biota, and cause direct and indirect ecotoxicological effects that unequivocally contribute to the decline of certain biological groups and alter certain ecosystem functions and services. Levers for action to limit PPP-driven pollution and effects on environmental compartments include local measures from plot to landscape scales and regulatory improvements. However, there are still significant gaps in knowledge regarding environmental contamination by PPPs and its effect on biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. Perspectives and research needs are proposed to address these gaps.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Stéphane Pesce) 08 Sep 2023
https://hal.science/hal-04083391
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[hal-03885234] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°62
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 17 May 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03885234
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[hal-03885230] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°61
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 13 Mar 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03885230
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[hal-04321892] Impacts of neonicotinoids on biodiversity: a critical review
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world but they have raised numerous concerns regarding their effects on biodiversity. Thus, the objective of this work was to do a critical review of the contamination of the environment (soil, water, air, biota) by neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam) and of their impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Neonicotinoids are very frequently detected in soils and in freshwater, and they are also found in the air. They have only been recently monitored in coastal and marine environments, but some studies already reported the presence of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in transitional or semi-enclosed ecosystems (lagoons, bays and estuaries). The contamination of the environment leads to the exposure and to the contamination of non-target organisms, and to negative effects on biodiversity. Direct impacts of neonicotinoids are mainly reported on terrestrial invertebrates (e.g., pollinators, natural enemies, earthworms) and vertebrates (e.g., birds), and on aquatic invertebrates (e.g., arthropods). Impacts on aquatic vertebrate populations and communities, as well as on microorganisms, are less documented. In addition to their toxicity to directly exposed organisms, neonicotinoid induce indirect effects via trophic cascades as demonstrated in several species (terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates). However, more data are needed to reach firmer conclusions and to get a clearer picture of such indirect effects. Finally, we identified specific knowledge gaps that need to be filled to better understand the effects of neonicotinoids on terrestrial, freshwater and marine organisms, as well as on ecosystem services associated with these biotas.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laure Mamy) 04 Dec 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04321892
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[hal-03548796] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°60
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 02 Feb 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03548796
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[hal-03548795] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°59
Réalisé par l’équipe de veille sur la période du 1er septembre au 31 octobre 2022.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 05 Dec 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03548795
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[hal-03548792] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°58
Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique Réalisé par l'équipe de veille sur la période du 1er Juillet au 31 Août 2022.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 26 Oct 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03548792
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[hal-04059568] Effects of temporal floral resource availability and non-crop habitats on broad bean pollination
Abstract Context Flowering plants can enhance wild insect populations and their pollination services to crops in agricultural landscapes, especially when they flower before the focal crop. However, characterizing the temporal availability of specific floral resources is a challenge. Objectives Developing an index for the availability of floral resources at the landscape scale according to the specific use by a pollinator. Investigating whether detailed and temporally-resolved floral resource maps predict pollination success of broad bean better than land cover maps. Methods We mapped plant species used as pollen source by bumblebees in 24 agricultural landscapes and developed an index of floral resource availability for different times of the flowering season. To measure pollination success, patches of broad bean ( Vicia faba ), a plant typically pollinated by bumblebees, were exposed in the center of selected landscapes. Results Higher floral resource availability before bean flowering led to enhanced seed set. Floral resource availability synchronous to broad bean flowering had no effect. Seed set was somewhat better explained by land cover maps than by floral resource availability, increasing with urban area and declining with the cover of arable land. Conclusions The timing of alternative floral resource availability is important for crop pollination. The higher explanation of pollination success by land cover maps than by floral resource availability indicates that additional factors such as habitat disturbance and nesting sites play a role in pollination. Enhancing non-crop woody plants in agricultural landscapes as pollen sources may ensure higher levels of crop pollination by wild pollinators such as bumblebees.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philipp W Eckerter) 05 Apr 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04059568
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[hal-03548788] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°57
Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°57, Juin 2022 Réalisé par l'équipe de veille sur la période du 1 er mai au 30 juin 2022. Colette Bertrand, Christian Mougin (UMR 1402 EcoSys), Annette Berard (UMR 1114 EMMAH), Soizic Morin (UR 1454 EABX), Olivier Crouzet (UPFS-OFB), Sonia Grimbuhler (UMR 1463 ITAP) et Pascale Karmasyn-Veyrines (DipSO)
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 09 Aug 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03548788
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[hal-03548778] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°56
Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°56, Avril 2022 Réalisé par l'équipe de veille sur la période du 1 er mars au 30 avril 2022. Colette Bertrand, Christian Mougin (UMR 1402 EcoSys), Annette Berard (UMR 1114 EMMAH), Soizic Morin (UR 1454 EABX), Olivier Crouzet (UPFS-OFB), Sonia Grimbuhler (UMR 1463 ITAP) et Pascale Karmasyn-Veyrines (DipSO)
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 03 Jun 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03548778
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[hal-03548767] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°55
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 15 Mar 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03548767
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[hal-04193413] Pervasive exposure of wild small mammals to legacy and currently used pesticide mixtures in arable landscapes
Knowledge gaps regarding the potential role of pesticides in the loss of agricultural biodiversity worldwide and mixture-related issues hamper proper risk assessment of unintentional impacts of pesticides, rendering essential the monitoring of wildlife exposure to these compounds. Free-ranging mammal exposure to legacy (Banned and Restricted: BRPs) and currently used (CUPs) pesticides was investigated, testing the hypotheses of: (1) a background bioaccumulation for BRPs whereas a "hot-spot" pattern for CUPs, (2) different contamination profiles between carnivores and granivores/ omnivores, and (3) the role of non-treated areas as refuges towards exposure to CUPs. Apodemus mice (omnivore) and Crocidura shrews (insectivore) were sampled over two French agricultural landscapes (n = 93). The concentrations of 140 parent chemicals and metabolites were screened in hair samples. A total of 112 compounds were detected, showing small mammal exposure to fungicides, herbicides and insecticides with 32 to 65 residues detected per individual (13-26 BRPs and 18-41 CUPs). Detection frequencies exceeded 75% of individuals for 13 BRPs and 25 CUPs. Concentrations above 10 ng/g were quantified for 7 BRPs and 29 CUPs (in 46% and 72% of individuals, respectively), and above 100 ng/g for 10 CUPs (in 22% of individuals). Contamination (number of compounds or concentrations) was overall higher in shrews than rodents and higher in animals captured in hedgerows and cereal crops than in grasslands, but did not differ significantly between conventional and organic farming. A general, ubiquitous contamination by legacy and current pesticides was shown, raising issues about exposure pathways and impacts on ecosystems. We propose a concept referred to as "biowidening", depicting an increase of compound diversity at higher trophic levels. This work suggests that wildlife exposure to pesticide mixtures is a rule rather than an exception, highlighting the need for consideration of the exposome concept and questioning appropriateness of current risk assessment and mitigation processes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Clémentine Fritsch) 01 Sep 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04193413
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[hal-03759553] Impacts des produits phytopharmaceutiques sur la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques. Synthèse de l’expertise scientifique collective
Impacts des produits phytopharmaceutiques sur la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques Synthèse de l'expertise scientifique collective-Mai 2022 Direction de l'expertise scientifique collective, de la prospective et des études (DEPE)
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sophie Leenhardt) 24 Aug 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03759553
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[hal-04193449] Field mixtures of currently used pesticides in agricultural soil pose a risk to soil invertebrates
Massive use of pesticides in conventional agriculture leads to accumulation in soil of complex mixtures, triggering questions about their potential ecotoxicological risk. This study assessed cropland soils containing pesticide mixtures sampled from conventional and organic farming systems at La Cage and Mons, France. The conventional agricultural field soils contained more pesticide residues (11 and 17 versus 3 and 11, respectively) and at higher concentrations than soils from organic fields (mean 6.6 and 10.5 versus 0.2 and 0.6 μg kg − 1 , respectively), including systemic insecticides belonging to neonicotinoids, carbamate herbicides and broadspectrum fungicides mostly from the azole family. A risk quotient (RQ i) approach evaluated the toxicity of the pesticide mixtures in soil, assuming concentration addition. Based on measured concentrations, both conventional agricultural soils posed high risks to soil invertebrates, especially due to the presence of epoxiconazole and imidacloprid, whereas soils under organic farming showed negligible to medium risk. To confirm the outcome of the risk assessment, toxicity of the soils was determined in bioassays following standardized test guidelines with seven representative non-target invertebrates: earthworms (Eisenia andrei, Lumbricus rubellus, Aporrectodea caliginosa), enchytraeids (Enchytraeus crypticus), Collembola (Folsomia candida), oribatid mites (Oppia nitens), and snails (Cantareus aspersus). Collembola and enchytraeid survival and reproduction and land snail growth were significantly lower in soils from conventional compared to organic agriculture. The earthworms displayed different responses: L. rubellus showed higher mortality on soils from conventional agriculture and large body mass loss in all field soils, E. andrei showed considerable mass loss and strongly reduced reproduction, and A. caliginosa showed significantly reduced acetylcholinesterase activity in soils from conventional agriculture. The oribatid mites did not show consistent differences between organic and conventional farming soils. These results highlight that conventional agricultural practices pose a high risk for soil invertebrates and may threaten soil functionality, likely due to additive or synergistic "cocktail effects". ☆ This paper has been recommended for acceptance by Montes Marques.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Speranza C Panico) 01 Sep 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04193449
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[hal-03777257] Impacts des produits phytopharmaceutiques sur la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques. Rapport de l’expertise scientifique collective
Chaque année, entre 55 000 et 70 000 tonnes de substances actives phytopharmaceutiques, incluant celles utilisables en agriculture biologique et de biocontrôle, sont vendues sur le territoire français métropolitain et d’outre-mer et sont utilisées pour la protection des cultures ou l’entretien des jardins, espaces végétalisés et infrastructures (JEVI). Dans le même temps, le rapport sur l’évaluation mondiale de la biodiversité et des services écosystémiques établi en 2019 par la Plateforme intergouvernementale scientifique et politique sur la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques (IPBES) dresse le bilan alarmant d’une érosion sans précédent de la biodiversité. La pollution chimique générée par les activités humaines, incluant les produits phytopharmaceutiques (PPP), est identifiée parmi les causes de cette érosion. Cette pollution s’ajoute à d’autres pressions, comme les destructions d’habitats causées par l’urbanisation, l’intensification des pratiques agricoles et sylvicoles, et les conséquences du changement climatique. Face à ce constat, la réglementation européenne en matière de mise sur le marché des PPP vise un degré élevé de protection, avec en particulier pour principe d’éviter tout effet inacceptable sur l’environnement. Toutefois, elle ne parvient pas complètement à atteindre cet objectif, en raison notamment d’une prise en compte insuffisante de la diversité des interactions telles qu’elles se produisent dans l’environnement (entre substances, entre organismes, avec une variété de facteurs physico-chimiques, etc.). C’est dans ce contexte que les ministres chargés de l’Environnement, de l’Agriculture et de la Recherche ont sollicité INRAE et l’Ifremer pour réaliser un état des lieux des connaissances scientifiques relatives aux impacts des PPP sur la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques. La précédente expertise scientifique collective (ESCo) portant sur Pesticides, agriculture et environnement avait été réalisée en 2005. Le présent exercice consiste à en actualiser les résultats, en les élargissant à l’ensemble du continuum terre-mer et en incluant les usages de PPP relevant des zones non agricoles (JEVI). A la différence de celle de 2005, cette ESCo est positionnée en aval de l’utilisation des PPP, pour traiter du devenir et des impacts de ces substances une fois introduites dans l’environnement. Elle ne traite pas des pratiques ou systèmes agricoles permettant de réduire les utilisations de PPP, ni des stratégies préventives de régulation des bioagresseurs. Ces thématiques font l’objet d’autres travaux en cours, notamment une autre ESCo conduite par INRAE sur la gestion des couverts végétaux pour la régulation naturelle des bioagresseurs dont les résultats sont attendus à l’automne 2022. Ces deux exercices s’inscrivent dans le cadre du Plan Ecophyto II+, en complément de l’expertise Pesticides et santé humaine publiée par l’Inserm en 2021. Le périmètre de la présente ESCo couvre les différents milieux (terrestre, atmosphérique, aquatiques continental et marin, à l’exception des eaux souterraines) dans leur continuité, du lieu d’application jusqu’à l’océan, en France métropolitaine et d’outre-mer, à partir de connaissances produites ou transposables dans ce type de contexte (climat, PPP utilisés, biodiversité présente, etc.). Il intègre tous les produits destinés à la protection des cultures ou à l’entretien des JEVI, qu’il s’agisse de PPP conventionnels ou de produits ou agents de biocontrôle, dès lors qu’ils sont susceptibles de se retrouver dans l’environnement du fait d’une utilisation actuelle ou plus ancienne. Le cadre d’analyse mis en place considère la biodiversité dans ses dimensions structurelle et fonctionnelle, et il intègre la question des services écosystémiques. L’attention est ainsi plus particulièrement portée sur des travaux qui documentent la mise en évidence des risques et des effets dans des conditions environnementales réalistes, et à des niveaux d’organisation biologique (ex. individu, population, communauté, écosystème) susceptibles de faciliter le lien à établir avec la biodiversité ainsi qu’avec les fonctions et services écosystémiques.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laure Mamy) 14 Sep 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03777257
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[hal-03284381] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°54
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 01 Feb 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03284381
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[hal-03284378] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°53
Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°53, Octobre 2021 Réalisé par l'équipe de veille sur la période du 1 er septembre au 31 octobre 2021. Colette Bertrand, Christian Mougin (UMR 1402 EcoSys), Annette Berard (UMR 1114 EMMAH), Soizic Morin (UR 1454 EABX), Olivier Crouzet (UPFS-OFB) et Pascale Karmasyn-Veyrines (DipSO) Edito Voici notre 53 ème bulletin de veille, qui nous espérons toujours informatif ! Nous vous proposons dans ce bulletin une tribune concernant la méthode PICT (Pollution-Induced Community Tolerance), un outil complémentaire pour l'évaluation du risque et le biomonitoring des pesticides. La tribune est téléchargeable sous forme de fiche thématique sur notre site ECOTOX : https://www6.inrae.fr/ecotox/Productions/Fiches-thematiques/Fiche-thematique-N-35-octobre-2021 Elle a été rédigée dans le cadre de l'expertise collective « Phytopharmaceutiques Biodiversité Services Ecosystémiques » : https://www6.inrae.fr/ecotox/Productions/Fiches-thematiques/Fiche-thematique-N-29-octobre-2020 Nous vous rappelons notre PCI pour la soumission de vos preprints : https://ecotoxenvchem.peercommunityin.org/ N'oubliez pas de nous transmettre les informations que vous souhaitez diffuser, notamment vos publications que nous pourrions avoir oubliées.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 22 Nov 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03284378
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[hal-03284373] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°52
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 20 Sep 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03284373
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[hal-03322696] A method to assess glyphosate, glufosinate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in soil and earthworms
A new sensitive and selective analytical methodology to quantify glyphosate (GLY), aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and glufosinate (GLU) in both soil and earthworms (Allolobophora chlorotica) was developed. The extraction and purification methods were optimized. The samples were extracted with various aqueous solutions (HNO3, H2O, KOH and borate buffer) and derivatized with 9-Fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOCCl). To optimize the extraction step, a method to remove the excess FMOCCl was applied based on liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether. The purification of derivatized extracts was carried out using XLB solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges before internal standard quantification by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The elution step was optimized to obtain the best recoveries possible, which was with acidic methanol (1% formic acid) (67% for GLY, 70% for GLU and 65% for AMPA). The extraction and purification method followed by analysis of the two herbicides and AMPA in soils using LC/MS/MS determined limit of quantification (LOQ) values of 0.030mug g(-)(1) for GLY, 0.025mug g(-)(1) for AMPA and 0.020microg g(-)(1) for GLU . For earthworms, LOQ were 0.23mug g(-)(1) for GLY, 0.20mug g(-)(1) for AMPA and 0.12mug g(-)(1) for GLU. . The developed method was applied to determine these compounds in natural soils and earthworms.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Olivier Delhomme) 10 Nov 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03322696
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[hal-03284368] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°51
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 12 Jul 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03284368
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[hal-03229060] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°50
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 12 Jul 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03229060v2
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[hal-03153623] Le dispositif de veille ECOTOX : point d’étape et perspectives
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nancy Nicolas) 26 Feb 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03153623
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[hal-03175760] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°49
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 12 Jul 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03175760
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[hal-02968489] Residues of currently used pesticides in soils and earthworms: A silent threat?
Critical knowledge gaps about environmental fate and unintentional effects of currently used pesticides (CUPs) hamper the understanding and mitigation of their global impacts on ecological processes. We investigated the exposure of earthworms to 31 multiclass CUPs in an arable landscape in France. We highlighted the presence of at least one pesticide in all soils (n=180) and 92% of earthworms (n=155) both in treated crops and nontreated habitats (hedgerows, grasslands, and cereals under organic farming). Mixtures of at least one insecticide, one herbicide, and one fungicide (> limit of quantification) contaminated 90% of soils and 54% of earthworms at levels that could endanger these nontarget beneficial soil organisms. A high risk of chronic toxicity to earthworms was found (46% of samples) both in treated winter cereals and nontreated habitats considered as refuges. This may alter biodiversity, hinder recovery, and impair ecosystem functions. These results provide essential insights for sustainable agriculture and CUP regulation, and highlight the potential of pesticides as agents of global change.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Céline Pelosi) 27 Nov 2020
https://hal.science/hal-02968489
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[hal-03041889] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°47
Ce bulletin de veille a été réalisé par l'équipe de veille sur la période du 1 er septembre au 31 octobre 2020. Colette Bertrand, Christian Mougin (UMR 1402 EcoSys), Annette Berard, Céline Pélosi (UMR 1114 EMMAH), Soizic Morin (UR 1454 EABX), Olivier Crouzet (UPFS-OFB) et Pascale Karmasyn-Veyrines (DipSO) Destinataires : les membres de la liste :
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 13 Jul 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03041889v2
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[hal-03144190] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°48
Réalisé par l'équipe de veille sur la période du 1 er novembre au 31 décembre 2020.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 13 Jul 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03144190v2
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[hal-02988676] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°46
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 13 Jul 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02988676v2
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[hal-03154285] Insights into aphid prey consumption by ladybirds: Optimising field sampling methods and primer design for high throughput sequencing
Elucidating the diets of insect predators is important in basic and applied ecology, such as for improving the effectiveness of conservation biological control measures to promote natural enemies of crop pests. Here, we investigated the aphid diet of two common aphid predators in Central European agroecosystems, the native Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus) and the invasive Harmonia axyridis (Pallas; Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) by means of high throughput sequencing (HTS). For acquiring insights into diets of mobile flying insects at landscape scale minimizing trapping bias is important, which imposes methodological challenges for HTS. We therefore assessed the suitability of three field sampling methods (sticky traps, pan traps and hand-collection) as well as new aphid primers for identifying aphid prey consumption by coccinellids through HTS. The new aphid primers facilitate identification to species level in 75% of the European aphid genera investigated. Aphid primer specificity was high in silico and in vitro but low in environmental samples with the methods used, although this could be improved in future studies. For insect trapping we conclude that sticky traps are a suitable method in terms of minimizing sampling bias, contamination risk and trapping success, but compromise on DNA-recovery rate. The aphid diets of both field-captured ladybird species were dominated by Microlophium carnosum, the common nettle aphid. Another common prey was Sitobion avenae (cereal aphid), which got more often detected in C. septempunctata compared to H. axyridis. Around one third of the recovered aphid taxa were common crop pests. We conclude that sampling methodologies need constant revision but that our improved aphid primers offer currently one of the best solutions for broad screenings of coccinellid predation on aphids.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lolita Ammann) 28 Feb 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03154285
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[hal-02865248] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°44
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 13 Jul 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02865248v2
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[hal-02518943] Configurational crop heterogeneity increases within‐field plant diversity
Increasing landscape heterogeneity by restoring semi-natural elements to reverse farmland biodiversity declines is not always economically feasible or acceptable to farmers due to competition for land. We hypothesized that increasing the heterogeneity of the crop mosaic itself, hereafter referred to as crop heterogeneity, can have beneficial effects on within-field plant diversity. Using a unique multi-country dataset from a cross-continent collaborative project covering 1,451 agricultural fields within 432 landscapes in Europe and Canada, we assessed the relative effects of compositional and configurational crop heterogeneity on within-field plant diversity components. We also examined how these relationships were modulated by the position within the field. We found strong positive effects of configurational crop heterogeneity on within-field plant alpha and gamma diversity in field interiors. These effects were as high as the effect of semi-natural cover. In field borders, effects of crop heterogeneity were limited to alpha diversity. We suggest that a heterogeneous crop mosaic may overcome the high negative impact of management practices on plant diversity in field interiors, whereas in field borders, where plant diversity is already high, landscape effects are more limited. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that increasing configurational crop heterogeneity is beneficial to within-field plant diversity. It opens up a new effective and complementary way to promote farmland biodiversity without taking land out of agricultural production. We therefore recommend adopting manipulation of crop heterogeneity as a specific, effective management option in future policy measures, perhaps adding to agri-environment schemes, to contribute to the conservation of farmland plant diversity.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Audrey Alignier) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02518943
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[hal-02865228] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°43
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 13 Jul 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02865228v2
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[hal-02911011] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°45
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 13 Jul 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02911011v2
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[hal-02860927] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique, N°42
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 08 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02860927
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[hal-02265052] Increasing crop heterogeneity enhances multitrophic diversity across agricultural regions
Agricultural landscape homogenization has detrimental effects on biodiversity and key ecosystem services. Increasing agricultural landscape heterogeneity by increasing seminatural cover can help to mitigate biodiversity loss. However, the amount of seminatural cover is generally low and difficult to increase in many intensively managed agricultural landscapes. We hypothesized that increasing the heterogeneity of the crop mosaic itself (hereafter “crop heterogeneity”) can also have positive effects on biodiversity. In 8 contrasting regions of Europe and North America, we selected 435 landscapes along independent gradients of crop diversity and mean field size. Within each landscape, we selected 3 sampling sites in 1, 2, or 3 crop types. We sampled 7 taxa (plants, bees, butterflies, hoverflies, carabids, spiders, and birds) and calculated a synthetic index of multitrophic diversity at the landscape level. Increasing crop heterogeneity was more beneficial for multitrophic diversity than increasing seminatural cover. For instance, the effect of decreasing mean field size from 5 to 2.8 ha was as strong as the effect of increasing seminatural cover from 0.5 to 11%. Decreasing mean field size benefited multitrophic diversity even in the absence of seminatural vegetation between fields. Increasing the number of crop types sampled had a positive effect on landscape-level multitrophic diversity. However, the effect of increasing crop diversity in the landscape surrounding fields sampled depended on the amount of seminatural cover. Our study provides large-scale, multitrophic, cross-regional evidence that increasing crop heterogeneity can be an effective way to increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes without taking land out of agricultural production.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Clélia Sirami) 06 Jan 2024
https://hal.science/hal-02265052
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[hal-02790253] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique, N°40
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02790253
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[hal-02790138] Bulletin de veille du réseau du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique, N°39
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02790138
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[hal-02790431] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique, N°37
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02790431
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[hal-02790785] Bulletin de veille du réseau du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique, N°38
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02790785
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[hal-02790742] Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique, N°41
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 19 Nov 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02790742
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[hal-02623315] Seasonal shifts and complementary use of pollen sources by two bees, a lacewing and a ladybeetle species in European agricultural landscapes
Continuous availability of food resources, such as pollen, is vital for many insects that provide pollination and pest control services to agriculture. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the shared or complementary use of floral resources by such species, which hampers more effective landscape management to simultaneously promote them in agroecosystems. Here, we simultaneously quantified pollen use by a bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) and a mason bee (Osmia bicornis), two bee species recognized as important crop pollinators, as well as a lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea) and a ladybeetle species (Harmonia axyridis), both common predators of crop aphids, throughout the season in 23 agricultural landscapes in Germany and Switzerland. Pollen diets were more diverse and similar among C. carnea and H. axyridis compared to the two bee species, but all four species shared key pollen types early in the season such as Acer, Quercus, Salix and Prunus. All species exhibited a pronounced shift in pollen sources from primarily woody plants (mainly trees) in spring to primarily herbaceous plants in summer. The majority of pollen (overall ≥64%) came from non‐agricultural plants even in crop‐dominated landscapes. Synthesis and applications. Our results highlight the importance of trees as pollen sources for many insect species, particularly early in the season. Our findings support incentives that promote heterogeneous agricultural landscapes including both woody and herbaceous semi‐natural habitats, ensuring phenological complementarity of floral resources for insect species that can provide pollination and pest control services to agriculture. The identified key plant species can help to design and optimize agri‐environment schemes to promote these functionally important insects.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 26 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02623315
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[hal-02786154] Assessing the impact of farming practices and landscape heterogeneity on ground beetles’ exposure to pesticides
In the nineties, John Cairns emphasized the importance of developing a field of « landscape ecotoxicology ». Indeed, landscape features influence both abiotic and biotic processes, such as pollutant transfers in the different compartments of the environment, or population dynamics of beneficial organisms. Realistic ecotoxicological scenarios therefore require a spatially explicit assessment of the exposure of mobile non-target organisms to pollutants, but so far this research field has received poor attention. The present study aims at investigating the impact of farming practices (pesticide applications) and landscape heterogeneity (proportion of semi-natural habitats and organic fields in the surrounding landscape) on ground beetles exposure to pesticides. In 2016 within the RESCAPE project, we sampled carabid beetles in hedgerows, grasslands and cereal fields in 60 different 1km² agricultural landscapes in western France (LTER site “Zone atelier Plaine et Val de Sèvres”, 46°11′N - 0°28′W). 180 carabid beetles individuals (<em>Poecilus cupreus</em> and <em>Harpalus dimidiatus</em>) are currently being analyzed for 31 pesticide residues commonly used on the study area. We will establish quantitative links between pesticide residues concentration in animals, type of habitat, local farming practices, and landscape heterogeneity. We aim at generating spatial exposure maps to identify « at-risk » landscape contexts to pesticides transfers (i.e. landscape contexts where exposure of non-target organisms is enhanced) versus « resistant » landscapes. Such a knowledge is a prerequisite to guide scientists and land managers in identifying management tools to improve agroecosystem resistance to pesticide effects and would allow getting original insights into landscape ecotoxicology and ecology.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Colette Bertrand) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02786154
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[hal-04551454] Disentangling the relative effects of semi-natural elements and organic farming practices to enhance biodiversity in agricultural landscapes
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sébastien Bonthoux) 18 Apr 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04551454
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[hal-04551419] What molecular gut content analysis can tell us about resource use by aphid predators prior to crop colonization
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lolita Ammann) 18 Apr 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04551419
